Girder



April 26, 1932. BAUER 1,855,902

GIRDER Filed May 12, 1956 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Karl Bauer 5 m K. BAUER April 26, 1932.

GIRDER Filed May 12, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 [7716776073 Karl Bauer Patented Apr. 26, 1932 UNITED STATES KARL BAUER, OF BERLIN, GERMANY GIRDER Application filed May 12, 1930, Serial No.

My invention relates to girders and more particularly to built-up girders of any suitable material. It is an object of my invention to so design a girder of the type described that it is readily assembled in situ from standardized elements which should be light and so designed that a minimum number of different shapes is required.

To this end I so design the standardized elements that in the assembled girder the load tends to hold the edges of the elements engaged with each other, and means for holding the elements assembled are only required at the lower side of the girder.

In the drawings affixed to this specification and forming part thereof various types of girders embodying my invention are illustrated diagrammatically by way of example.

' In the drawings Fi 1 is an elevation, partly broken away and showing part of a staircase check which is built up from elements having honeycomb shape, I F Fig. 2 is a section on the line II-II in Fig. 3 is asection on the line III-III in Fig. 1, drawn to a larger scale,

Fig. 4 is a section on the line IVIV in Fig. 3, also drawn to a larger scale, I V

Fig. 5 is an elevation showing part of a staircasecheek which is built up from elements having parallel and shouldered edges,

Fig. 6 is an elevation showing the lower end of a staircase cheek which is designed substantially like that illustrated in Fig. 4, but with the lower ends of the elements modified,

Fig. 7 is "an elevation, and

Fig. 8 is a plan viewshowing a staircase cheek of reinforced concrete, with the steel constituting a lattice girder.

Referring now to the drawings and first to Figs. l3, l are the elements from which the staircase cheek is built up, 2 are the risers and 3 are the treads or steps. The elements 1 are of honeycomb shape, each element having a given number. of combined units which, considered separately, are hexagonal. In the example illustrated each element has three units. The sides of the elements are grooved 451,680, and in Germany May 15, 1929.

and tongued as in sheet piling, with a groove 4 at one side and a tongue 5 at the opposite side. Each element is cut away at one side at a given point, in the present instance at the connection of the second and third heXa-gonal units, for the reception of the dovetailed ends of risers 2 which are V-shaped in cross section in conformity with the edges of the elements. In this manner the risers. 2 are held securely by two adjacent elements. Each riser :2 supports two steps 3, the upper step being held by the notched upper end 6 of the riser and the lower step being supported by the corresponding upper end of the riser just below and by a notch 7 at the kink of the riser which supports the next upper step.

The load on the check or girder holds the tongued and grooved edges of the elements engaged in the compressionzone, but con necting means must be provided in the lower zone which is subjected to tensile stress. Such means in the present instance include a tie bar 8 which is inserted in suitable passages extending through several elements and not less than two. In the present instance, three passages 9 are formed in the two lower hexagonal units of each element. At the center of each passage a rectangular hole 10 is provided. The edges of the hole are wedgeshaped in cross section, as best seen in Fig.

3.] The bar 8 in the present instance has the section of the letter I. 11 and 12 are clamping brackets which are inserted in the holes 10 at either side of the tie 8. As illustrated in Fig. 4 the edges of the brackets are inclined toward'the inside in conformity with the wedge-shaped walls of the holes 10, so that two brackets when connected constitute a dove-tail and are firmly seated on the inclined walls of the holes 10. 13 and 14 are bolts for connecting the brackets. One of the brackets, in t e present instance the outer bracket 11, is provided with two lugs or teeth 15 and 16, Fig. 3, which penetrate into suitable sockets in the inner bracket 12. Both brackets are fluted forthereception of the flanges and the web of the tie 8. 17 is a jib which is inserted between the inner bracket 12 and the web of the tie 8 so as to clamp the tie within the bracket when the bolts 13 and 14 are set.

It will be understood that the passages 9 are provided throughout the several elements of the girder but the brackets and ties are only inserted in the holes 10 where required, as shown in Fig. 1.

The elements may be made of any suitable material, for instance, armoured concrete, wood, steel sections and the like, and may be used for girders of any kind and not only for staircase cheeks. When the girder is designed as a staircase cheek, a railing may be secured to its top edge, 18 being a strip of rectangular section which is bent in conformity with the jagged upper edge of the cheek. The strips may be connected by angle sections 19 at the corners of the elements. 20 are bars extending from the central portion of each strip, and 21 is a hand rail which is secured in suitable seats 22 at the ends of the bars.

Referring now to Fig. 5, the elements 23 I are here provided with straight and parallel edges-24 and shoulders 25 so that each is constituted by rectangular units, and the ele- V ments engage like a pair of racks with parallel teeth. Here, the vertical component of the load is absorbed by the shoulders 25 and its horizontal component is absorbed by the adjoining edges 24 while in the elements illand a nut 29 at the other end.

lustrated in Figs. 1-4 the two components are absorbed together by the inclined edges of the elements.

Instead of the I-section bars 8 which serve vide ties 26 whichnormally are of circular section and are inserted in corresponding passages of the several elements. Each tie extends through two elements and is equipped with a washer-27 at one end, and a washer 28 The washers I and the nuts are arranged in recesses formed in one of a pair of elements below the lower .shoulder 25 of the meeting element, and in recesses 30 formed in the two elements at a so their lower ends, respectively. The risers 2' are here provided with eyes 31 which in the case of armoured concrete are made by bending .the steel while in the case of risers of wood'or other material they may be screwed into the sides ofthe risers,.or welded thereto. The edges of the elements below the lowest shoulder 25 are recessed at .32 for the reception of the eyes 31. The risers 2 are flat at the top for the reception of an upper step 3 Referring now to Fig. 6 this illustrates elements 23 which are substantially similar i o-the elements described with reference to F .5, with their vertical'edges 24 and their horizontal shoulders 25, but in this instance the ties 34 instead of being arranged horizontally are inclined at the angle at which the girder extends to the horizontal. Each tie 34 is rigidly connected with its element 23. In the case of armoured concrete as assumed here the ties are cast into tabs 35 at the lower ends of the elements which are formed by recessing such ends at 36. Each tie has holes at both ends for the insertion of a horseshoe connecting link which comprises a body37 and bolts 38, the bolts entering the corresponding holes of the links. The eyes 31 of the risers 2 are so shaped as to engage the ends of the bolts 38 which project from the holes in the ends of the ties 34.

VV'hen building up a staircase cheek from the elements illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6, the parts are assembled as described and then the recesses for the parts which project from the elements are filled with concrete sothat the system has monobloc character throughout.

Referring now to Figs. 7 and 8, the links 34 are combined into a complete girder with a system of links and diagonals. 39 are links which extend in parallel to the links 34 at the upper edge of the girder, and 40 are vertical members, each pair of links 34, 39, with its diagonal 41 and two members 40 constituting a panel of the girder. The elements in this instance are plates 42 which are parallelograms for an inclined, and rectangles for a horizontal girder. The elements are not abutted at their edges. but-are spaced apart for aboutthe width of the vertical members 40, and the steps are cast integral with the risers, forming units 43 of a shape resembling the letter Z. The horizontal flanges of each pair of riser units are abutted in the axis of the corresponding members 40. In manufacture the links 34 and 39 are cast into the elements 42, the spaces between the members are filled in with concrete, and the step units 43 are connected to the elements 42in any suitable manner.

As illustrated in Fig. 8, the girder is duplicated at either side of the plates 42. The

links at the upper and lower sides of the girder are alternately designed as two parallel links 44 and ,a single link 45 with a fork 46 at its end, one of the parallellinks 44 being inserted between the members of the fork and connected therewith by a .bolt 47. The diagonals 41 are arranged adjacent that link 44 which is at the outside of the fork 46, and a tubular stay 48 is inserted between the diagonals of the girders'at either side of the plate. v

Obviously I may combine a single girder system, or any number of systems with the elements 42.

I wish it to be understood that I do not desire. to beolimited to the exact details of vious modifications will occur to a person skilled in the art.

In the claims afiixed to this specification no selection of any particular modification of the invention is intended to the exclusion of other modifications thereof and the right to subsequently make claim to any modification not covered by these claims is expressly reserved.

I claim 1. A girder comprising elements adapted to engage each other with their upstanding edges, said edges being so arranged with respect to said girder as to be held in abutting relation by the load acting on the girder, a tie inserted in suitable passages of two adjacent elements, and clamping meansflinserted in said elements so as to surround and engage said tie.

2. A girder comprising elements adapted to engage each other with their upstanding edges, said edge-s being so arranged with respect to said girder as to be held in abutting relation by the load acting on the girder, a

tie inserted in suitable passages of two adjacent elements, a pair of brackets inserted in said elements at either side of said tie, inclined faces on said brackets and said elements which are so arranged with respect to each other as to oppose transverse displacement of said brackets with respect to the element in which they are inserted, and means for clamping said brackets to said tie.

3. A staircase cheek comprising elements constituted by polygonal units, the edges of each unit being so arranged as to form an angle with each other and so that said angles alternately protrude and recede, the elements being adapted to fit each other at the edges of said polygonal units, and risers shaped in conformity with said angles and adapted to be inserted in recesses in the edges of said elements.

4. A girder comprising elements adapted to engage each other with their upstanding edges, said edges being so arranged with respect to said girder as to be held in abutting relation by the load acting on the girder, means at the stretched side of said girder for connecting said elements, transverse members adapted to fit between said elements, and means on said members adapted to be supported on said connecting means.

5. A girder comprising elements of armoured concrete adapted to engage each other with their upstanding edges, said edges being so arranged with respect to said girder as to be held in abutting relation by the load acting on the girder, means at the stretched side of said girder for connecting said elements, transverse members, also of armoured concrete, adapted to fit between said elements, and means formed by the steel of said members and adapted to engage said connecting means.

6. A girder comprising elements of armoured concrete adapted to engage each other with their upstanding edges, said edges being so arranged with respect to said girder as to be held in abutting relation by the load acting on the girder, a link cast in each element near its lower end, a bracket having two pins adapted to enter eyes in said links so as to connect them, transverse members, also of armoured concrete, adapted to fit between said elements, and means formed by the steel of said members and adapted to engage the ends of said pins which project from said eyes.

7 A staircase cheek comprising elements adapted to engage each other with their upstanding edges, said edges being so arranged with respect to said cheek as to be held in abutting relation by the load acting on the cheek, means for connecting said elements, and transverse members fitted between said elements so as to constitute the steps and risers of said staircase, the members being of a section resembling the letter Z and abutted with their horizontal or step portions.

8. A girder comprising elements adapted to engage each other with their upstanding edges, said edges being so arranged with respect to said girder as to be held in abutting relation by the load acting on the girder, a link in each element, and clamping means arranged in recesses of the edges of each two adjacent elements for connecting the links in said elements, said clamping means engaging and surrounding the connected ends of said links. 7

In testimony whereof I aflix' my signature.

KARL BAUER. 

